Ubulima Nokuhweba

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ITHELELELI

IZIPHUMA

Izinhlobo Eziyisikhombisa Zobuwula
(nokuthi wenzeni ngabo)

Qaphela: Bengifuna ukuthumela i-athikili enesihloko esithi: “Izimfihlo Ezi-3 Zokunqoba Kwaphakade Ezimakethe - Ingxenye 2” kodwa kwadingeka ngiyihlehlise ukuze ngivune lesi sihloko esingezansi. Ukuhweba kuwumdlalo ongokwengqondo we-100%, yingakho abathengisi abaningi abanolwazi, abanolwazi, nabanekhono basalahlekelwa kakhulu ezimakethe, futhi abanye babo bahlala bempofu, naphezu kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlangenwe nakho. Uma sebenikwe elinye ithuba, bazogcina benza amaphutha afanayo futhi, ngenxa yokungaqondi kahle kwengqondo. Uzobona abadayisi bekhala njengezingane ngemuva kokuthola izingcingo ze-margin, kuphela ukuphinda amaphutha afanayo aholele kumakholi we-margin wangaphambilini, lapho beqala kabusha ukuhweba futhi ngezimali ezintsha. I-athikili engezansi ingeyabantu, kodwa futhi ihlobene kakhulu nokuhweba nokutshala imali. Iqiniso elikulo lingenza umehluko emsebenzini wakho wokuhweba.

"Ziningi izinhlobo zobuwula, futhi ubuhlakani bungenye yezinto ezimbi kakhulu." – Thomas Mann.

Amagama amaningi asetshenziswe esimweni sobuhlakani, kuyilapho isihloko sobuwula sishaywe indiva ngokuqhathaniswa - nakuba sizungezile yonke indawo, siyasilimaza. Lokho mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi sicabanga ukuthi ubuwula wukuntula ubuhlakani nje. Ngicabanga ukuthi kukhona okungaphezu kwalokho. Iza ngezindlela eziningi ezahlukene; okulandelayo akuhlanganisi nakancane.
Ubulima Nokuhweba 1. Ubulima obumsulwa
Ake siqale ngohlobo olusobala kakhulu lobuwula: i-shit-for-brains (uxolo lwejagoni yesayensi). Incazelo yomqondo ojwayelekile womuntu oyisiphukuphuku iwumuntu ongenalo ikhono lokucabanga, ikakhulukazi ikhono lokucabanga nokucabanga ngokucacile. Umuntu oyisiphukuphuku une-IQ ephansi. Bashintshanisa ukuhlola kokucabanga ngamazwi kanye namatrices we-Raven ngoba bakuthola kunzima ukubona amaphethini kudatha, ukukhohlisa ulimi, noma ukulandela uchungechunge lokunengqondo. (Ngifaka ubakaki umbuzo wokuthi ingabe ukucabanga kokuhlaziya kuwubuhlakani - uma kunjalo, kusho Umphumela we-Flynn okhokho bethu babeyizixhwanguxhwangu - kodwa ukuntula kwayo yilokho okushiwo abantu abaningi ngobuwula). Ethulwa nganoma yini eyinkimbinkimbi, umuntu oyisiphukuphuku ubona isiphithiphithi esingasho lutho kuphela. Ngenisa isiphukuphuku emdlalweni futhi bazohluleka ukuqonda imithetho, ngisho nangemva kokuba isichazwe ngokucacile nangokuphindaphindiwe, ngoba abakwazi ukufunda, noma bangafunda kancane kancane. Ubuhlakani abunakuhlukaniswa nokufunda, into eyathatha ososayensi be-AI isikhathi eside ukuthi bayithole; bachitha iminyaka bezama ukuklama umshini ohlakaniphile baze babona ukuthi kungcono bakhe umshini oyisimungulu ofunda ngokushesha.1 Ziyini izimbangela zalolu hlobo lobuwula? I-Genetics? Umuntu kungenzeka ukuthi uzuze ihadiwe yengqondo embi. Imvelo? Mhlawumbe bakhulele esikweni elalingadingi ukuba bafunde noma bacabange. Noma mhlawumbe babedliswe ushevu: ucwaningo lwakamuva luthole ukuthi umthofu uye wabangela ukulahlekelwa cishe ibhiliyoni amaphuzu e-IQ ngemuva kwempi yaseMelika. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iyini imbangela, ubuwula ngalo mqondo busho ukungakwazi ukubona amaphethini, ukulandela ingqondo, noma ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho. Umuntu oyisiphukuphuku uyimfundamakhwela ngaso sonke isikhathi.

2. Ubuwula bokungazi
Ukungazi futhi kuyincazelo evamile yobuwula: abantu abayiziphukuphuku abantu abangazi lutho ngeshit (enye incazelo yesayensi). Manje, ukungazi akulona neze uphawu lobuwula; noma yikuphi ukuhlola kobuhlakani, okuhlanganisa nesayensi, kuncike ekuqapheleni lokho umuntu akwaziyo. Kodwa futhi kuyiqiniso ukuthi abantu abangakwazi ukudweba ebhange lokuhlangenwe nakho, amasu noma ulwazi bayokuthola kunzima kakhulu ukubhekana nezinkinga ezintsha nemibuzo ekhohlisayo. Bafika kanjani ngaleyo ndlela? Mhlawumbe banezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezinephutha, njengoku-#1, ngakho-ke abakwazanga ukuthola nokugcina ulwazi, noma kungenzeka ukuthi abanikezwanga ithuba lokwenza kanjalo: mhlawumbe abazange bathole imfundo eningi, kungaba ngabazali babo noma basesikoleni, ngakho-ke bantula amathuluzi ayisisekelo nezinhlaka ezidingekayo ukwenza umqondo wezwe - ikhono lokukhuluma nezibalo, ulwazi lwegeography eyisisekelo noma izinhlelo zezepolitiki nokunye. Isazi sezemfundo u-ED Hirsch uye waphawula ukuthi ikhono lokufunda iphephandaba kanye nokuba nombono ongacacile wokuthi zonke izihloko zimayelana nani kudinga izinga lolwazi olujwayelekile iningi lethu elithatha kalula. Ulwazi oluyisizinda kunoma yisiphi isizinda lufana namanzi ezinhlanzi: asazi kancane ukuthi sinawo kodwa yiwo asenza sikwazi ukumunca ulwazi olusha. Uma wazi kancane, kuba nzima ukufunda; okuncane ongakufunda, okuncane okwaziyo - isiphukuphuku ositholayo. Lena iluphu yokungazi, futhi abantu abanehadiwe elihle kakhulu bangabhajwa kuyo.
Ubulima Nokuhweba 3. Ubulima bokukhipha inhlanzi emanzini
Kuze kube manje sixoxile ngezincazelo ezinengqondo zobuwula. Kujwayele ukuchazwa njengokushoda kokuthile - amandla okuqonda ('ubuhlakani'), noma ulwazi, noma ukucabanga. Lokhu kubonakala kunganele. Ukukuchaza kuphela njengokungabikho kwamandla obuchopho kwehluleka ukulandisa ngalokho engikubiza ngokuthi ubuwula bokuphuma emanzini. Abantu abanobuchopho obunamandla abathole ulwazi oluningi esizindeni esisodwa, futhi abathathwa njengabahlakaniphe ngokwedlulele, bavame ukucabanga ukuthi bazoba nemicabango ehlakaniphe ngokwedlulele kuyo yonke imikhakha yolwazi abazulazula kuyo. Bathatha ulwazi lwabo abaluqongelele kalula futhi bakholelwa ukuthi isikhungo esibanika sona emkhakheni wabo siwumsebenzi wobuhlakani babo obuyindilinga.

Manje, ngokwezinga elithile, laba chwepheshe cishe balungile ukucabanga ukuthi ngenxa yokuthi bahlakaniphile kule nto bazoba abahlakaniphile nakwezinye izinto - kukhona isimangaliso esinjengokuthi ubuhlakani obujwayelekile. Kodwa bangalinganisela ngokweqile ukuthi bahlakaniphe kangakanani ezizindeni ezintsha futhi bagcine benze izinqumo ezimbi. I-Twitter ibe yinhle ngokudalula ukuthi ososayensi noma osomlando bangaba kanjani iziphukuphuku uma bengaphandle kwenkundla yabo yezemfundo. Imvamisa, ochwepheshe abaqapheli nokuthi sebethuthele esizindeni sangaphandle: osomabhange abangene engozini ngo-2008 babecabanga ukuthi babesengozini kuyilapho empeleni babesesimweni sokungaqiniseki. Abalawuli ababenezinyawo eziyisicaba ngesikhathi sodlame (okuyinkinga enkulu e-US kune-UK) behlulekile ukusho ukuthi manje basesikhundleni sokulawulwa kwezinhlekelele.

4. Ubulima obusekelwe kumthetho
Sivame ukukhuluma ngobuwula njengokungathi kuwuphawu lomuntu - into umuntu ayiyo noma ayikho. Kuyinto evamile ukukhuluma ngabantu abahlakaniphile nabantu abayiziphukuphuku, ngisho naphakathi kwezihlakaniphi: esinye sezazi ezimbalwa ezathatha ubuwula ngokungathí sina, okungenani ngandlela-thile, kwakuyisazi sezomnotho sase-Italy uCarlo Cipolla, owabhala indaba ngo-1976 ebizwa ngokuthi Imithetho Eyisisekelo Yobuntu. Ubulima ongayithenga njenge ibhuku. Njengoba ubona kulokhu isifinyezo sayo, uCipolla uqala emcabangweni wokuthi umhlaba uhlukana ube abantu abayiziphukuphuku nabangezona iziphukuphuku futhi akhe “imithetho” yakhe phezu kwawo ('Njalo futhi nakanjani, wonke umuntu ubukela phansi inani leziwula ezisakazwayo'). I-eseyi ibhalwe ngobuhlakani kodwa ngiyasola ukuthi isizathu esenza ukuthi isafundwa wukuthi iyaduduza. Kuhle ukucabanga ukuthi umuntu uhlakaniphile noma uyisiphukuphuku - nokuthi njengoba ngiqaphela lokho, kufanele ngibe ngomunye wabahlakaniphile. Kuyaxaka kakhulu ukucabanga ngobuwula njengento umuntu, ngisho nawe, angabanjwa yiyo.

Ubulima bungaba uhlelo. Isazi sesayensi ye-Santa Fe Institute uDavid Krakauer siphawula ukuthi amaRoma, njengoba ayehlakaniphe ngezindlela eziningi, awazange athuthuke ezibalweni. Lokhu ukubeka phansi ohlelweni lwezinombolo olwakwenza kwaba nzima ukwenza izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Izinombolo zama-Arabhu, ezingeniswe eYurophu ngeNkathi Ephakathi (hhayi njengezimungulu njengedumela lazo), kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Uhlelo olusha lwenza impucuko yethu yahlakanipha ngokuhlanganyela, noma okungenani yaba yisimungulu. Ithuluzi noma inkundla esiyisebenzisayo ingasigcina siyiziphukuphuku, ngisho noma sihlakaniphile. Eqinisweni, umbono kaKrakauer uthi ubuwula abukhona ukungabibikho kobuhlakani noma ulwazi; wukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwama-algorithms anephutha (ngokwawona umqondo wesi-Arabhu, kunjalo). Ake sithi othile ukunika i-Rubik's Cube.
Ubulima Nokuhweba Cabangela okuthathu okungenzeka. Ungase ukwazi i-algorithm noma isethi yama-algorithms okwenza ukwazi ukukuxazulula ngokushesha, futhi ubukeke uhlakaniphe kakhulu (empeleni u-Krakauer angasho ukuthi lolo uhlobo lobuhlakani). Noma kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde ama-algorithms angalungile - ama-algorithms aqinisekisa ukuthi noma ungazama kangaki, awusoze waxazulula iphazili. Noma ungase ube nokungazi nhlobo futhi uvele wenze nje ngokungahleliwe. Iphuzu lika-Krakauer ukuthi i-cuber engazi lutho okungenani inethuba lokuyixazulula ngephutha (uma sikhuluma – ungazami lokhu ekhaya) kanti i-cuber enephutha ngeke neze. Ukungazi idatha eyanele yokuxazulula inkinga kahle; ubulima busebenzisa umthetho lapho ukwengeza idatha eyengeziwe kungathuthukisi amathuba akho okuyithola ngendlela efanele - empeleni, kwenza kube maningi amathuba okuthi uzoyiphutha.

Bheka nxazonke futhi ungabona abantu abavaleleke ku-algorithms enamaphutha (uma kunempi, kufanele kube yiphutha laseMelika'; 'uma kukhona ukuphahlazeka kwemakethe kusho ukuthi ukululama sekuseduze') Imithetho yokucabanga isetshenziswa ngendlela eguquguqukayo iholela esiphukuphuku. iziphetho. Uthola ubulima obuningi phakathi kwabantu abachema kakhulu egameni leqembu lepolitiki noma imibono. Labo bantu bavame ukungaguquguquki ngokomqondo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bakuluphi uhlangothi. Bakhangwa ezindabeni ezicacile noma amaketanga okucabanga. Osopolitiki noma izishoshovu ezibathwebulayo banekhono ekwakheni nasekusabalaliseni lezi zakhiwo zokucabanga ze-algorithmic.

Kaningi, ubulima abuveli ekungabibikho kwezinto zengqondo kodwa ebuningini bazo. Iwumkhiqizo wazo zonke izinto esiziphethe emiqondweni yethu futhi sizithathe kwabanye: ama-algorithms anamandla, imibono emibi, amaqiniso angamanga, izindaba eziyengayo, izingathekiso ezivuzayo, imibono engafanele. Izinto ezizwakala njengolwazi oluqinile nakuba kungenjalo. Njengoba isisho sakudala sisho ukuthi akukhona lokhu ongakwazi okuzokufaka enkingeni kodwa okwaziyo ukuthi akunjalo.

5. Ukucabanga ngokweqile-ubuwula
Lapho isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo Philip Tetlock wayengumfundi oneziqu wabona ucwaningo, olwaklanywa umeluleki wakhe u-Bob Rescorla, olwahlanganisa iqembu labafundi baseYale abangaphansi kwegundane. Abafundi baboniswe i-T-maze, efana nale engezansi. Ukudla kwakuzovela ku-A noma ku-B. Umsebenzi wabafundi kwakuwukubikezela ukuthi ukudla kuzovela kuphi ngokulandelayo. Igundane lalibekwe umsebenzi ofanayo.
Ubulima Nokuhweba Amagundane noMaze
I-Rescorla isebenzise umthetho olula: ukudla kwavela kwesokunxele 60% wesikhathi futhi kwesokudla, 40%, nomaphi. Abafundi, becabanga ukuthi i-algorithm ethile eyinkimbinkimbi kumele ibe semsebenzini, babheka amaphethini bawathola. Bagcina beyitholile kahle i-52% yesikhathi - engengcono kakhulu kunenhlanhla futhi kubi kakhulu kunegundane, elasheshe lathola ukuthi uhlangothi olulodwa luveze imiphumela engcono kunolunye futhi lubheke kwesokunxele ngaso sonke isikhathi, luzuze u-60% izinga lempumelelo.

Abantu abahlakaniphile, noma okungenani abantu asebekholelwa ukuthi bahlakaniphile, abangawathandi amasu ahlanganisa ukungagwemeki kwephutha. Lapho bebhekene nalokho okubukeka njengokungahleliwe, ngeke baphakamise izandla zabo futhi bahambisane nokugeleza. Bafuna ukuzibophezela emhlabeni. Lolo hlobo lwezifiso zobuhlakani lungaholela ekuqondeni nasekusunguleni izinto ezintsha kodwa futhi lungaholela ebulimani, lapho amaphutha evikelwa ngamandla nangobuchule.

Uma umuntu ohlakaniphile esethathe inkolelo eyiphutha kunzima kakhulu ukukhuluma ngayo: abantu 'abahlakaniphile ngokwengqondo' banjalo uma kukhona. kulula ukucatshangelwa ukucabanga okuyiphutha kunesilinganiso, ngoba banekhono lokugoba iqiniso ukuze lilingane nemodeli yalo abalakhile. Ngisola ukuthi lo mkhuba uhlotshaniswa nokukhuluma kahle, okuyikhwalithi engangiyithanda ngokungagodli kodwa manje sengiyibuka ngokusola. Abantu abanekhono lokukhuluma kahle ngaphandle kwe-cuff kungenzeka futhi babe abahle kakhulu ekutholeni izizathu ezisheshayo nezikholisayo zanoma yini evumelana nabo ukuthi bakholwe nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Amagama alungile avele avele ngomlingo, aphenduke ngokuphelele, abenyezela njengeqiniso.

Ungabona okunye ukubonakaliswa kokucabanga ngokweqile ngaso sonke isikhathi uma usebenzisa umkhiqizo noma uhlelo lokusebenza olugcwele izici ezihlakaniphile ongeke ukwazi ukuzisebenzisa, noma ubukele imuvi enako konke okwenzekayo ngaphandle kwendaba ehambisanayo. Abantu abahlakaniphile banokuthambekela kokwengeza izici kumkhiqizo noma ifilimu noma impikiswano kunokuba bazisuse, okungaveza imiphumela ewubuphukuphuku.

Ngikuxwaya kakhulu ubuhlakani uma ngisetshenziswa emibuzweni yezenhlalo nepolitiki, engeke ixazululwe ngezibalo. Kulokhu ngithonywe ongqondongqondo abathile. Ungalandelela ukuhlukana okuyisisekelo emcabangweni waseNtshonalanga phakathi kwalabo abakholelwa ukuthi ulwazi nokuhluzeka kwengqondo njalo kusenza sihlakaniphe futhi labo abasixwayisayo bangasenza futhi sibe izimungulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, u-Aristotle, uDescartes, uKant, uVoltaire, uPaine, uRussell; ngakolunye, uSocrates, Montaigne, Burke, Nietzsche, Freud, Wittgenstein. Iqembu lokugcina lihlanganisa ongqondongqondo, ngezindlela zabo ezihlukene, abanentshisekelo ezindleleni ubuhlakani bomuntu obudala uhlobo oluyingqayizivele lobuwula. Izinsizwa zami lezi.

6. Ubulima obuqhamukayo
Imvamisa ezinhlanganweni ezenza izinto eziwubulima, kuba nzima ukuphina izinqumo eziwubuphukuphuku kunoma yimuphi umuntu oyedwa ngisho nalapho sibheka emuva, futhi kungase kungabibikho abantu abayiziphukuphuku abahilelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, njengo-Enron, abantu bahlakaniphe kakhulu. Ubulima bungavela ngendlela efanayo nobuhlakani obuvela ngayo emhlambini wamahansi, noma iqoqo lezintuthwane, noma amangqamuzana nama-synapses obuchopho bomuntu. Uma iqembu labantu lilandela imithetho embalwa elula ngokubambisana, khona-ke ukuziphatha kweqoqo okuhlakaniphe kakhulu - noma okuyisiphukuphuku kakhulu - kunokuba kuvele isamba sezingxenye zalo. Kunoma iyiphi inhlangano, abaholi kufanele bacabange ngemithetho elula elandelwa abantu noma bengacabangi, futhi babuze ukuthi kungenzeka yini bakhiqize ubuhlakani noma ubuwula.

Awukho umfutho womuntu ozalwa nawo wokugwema ubuwula. Savela ukuze siphile futhi siphumelele futhi lokho kusho ukuzwana nabanye - lokho kuyizinto eziza kuqala kithi, isikhathi esiningi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuhlakanipha nokuzwana akusho ukuthi kuxabene; izindaba ezimbi ukuthi ngokuvamile. Encwadini yami ethi CONFLICTED ngikhombisa ukuthi ukugwema ukungaboni ngaso linye kunciphisa kanjani ubuhlakani obuhlangene banoma yiliphi iqembu. Uma amalungu eqembu elandela umthetho othi 'uvumelana nokuvumelana' noma 'uvumelana nomholi' kuncane okunikelwayo kuqoqo elijwayelekile lemibono nezimpikiswano. Lapho ichibi lingashoni, maningi amathuba okuba kube khona into eyisiphukuphuku ephuma kulo, embozwe i-slime.
Ubulima Nokuhweba 7. Ubulima obuqhutshwa yi-ego
Sikhulume ngobuwula ikakhulukazi njengento yokuqonda kodwa vele iboshwe ngokujulile nemizwelo, kanye nomuzwa wobumina. Cishe singabala izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ngaphansi kwalesi sihloko sisodwa kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo siwukuthi lapho umuntu ezizwa engalondekile, uzimisele ngokuzenza izilima. Izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ziyibiza ngokuthi 'identity-protective cognition'. Singase sikubize ngomthelela othi 'Nginalaba bafana'.

Kukhona ukuhlanganiswa okuqinisekisiwe phakathi kokuthambekela kokuwela kumibono yetulo nemizwa yokukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi umuzwa wokungakwazi ukulawula. Ungakubona lokhu kusebenza ngemuva kuka-2016 lapho i-inthanethi eshiywe e-UK nase-US iqala ukudla ngokulamba ngemibono yozungu mayelana ne-Brexit ne-Trump. Abantu abaningi abahlakaniphile bazizwa bengenakuzisiza futhi besaba futhi bengenamakhaya futhi bazenza izilima ekuphenduleni.

Ontamolukhuni bezombangazwe kanye nabaqambi bozungu bafisa ukuphepha kokucaca. Akuwona nje umbono noma ithiyori yozungu lapho abantu bedonswa khona, kodwa umphakathi owakha okuzungezile. Imibono noma ithiyori ifana nepaki noma inkundla yezemidlalo - ingqalasizinda yomphakathi. Uyathanda ukuba lapho, futhi izinkolelo zakho ziyibhande lesihlakala. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuxoshwa uzokwenza konke ongakwenza ukukhombisa ukuthi uqotho kangakanani kulezi zinkolelo, nokuthi awunandaba kangakanani nemibono yabantu bangaphandle. Ngisho noma kusho ukuphindaphinda nokukholelwa izinto eziwubulima.

Ngabhala kahle nge-Twitter ngeledlule ngakho-ke ngicabanga ukuthi ngilitholile ilungelo lokusho ukuthi futhi kuyindawo lapho amandla obuphukuphuku ehlangana futhi adanse. Unochwepheshe abazizwa bephoqelekile ukusho ezindabeni ezingaphandle kobuchwepheshe babo. Unokungazethembi kanye nokukhathazeka kwesimo: wonke umuntu ugijimela abalandeli, ukuthandwa nama-retweets. Unabantu abenza ukucabanga kwabo esidlangalaleni, emehlweni kontanga nezitha. Unemiphakathi yemibono kanye namasiko amancane nawo abukana ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngamaqembu athola amandla kwangaphandle kwamaqembu. Umphumela uba ukuthi eminye imicu eyiziphukuphuku emangazayo isakaza futhi idunyiswe abantu abaningi abahlakaniphile (uzoba nezakho izibonelo - lena i-doozy). Kodwa futhi kuyilabhorethri ethokozisayo lapho ungabona khona inqubo yomuntu odonsa kanzima ukuphatha nokubuyisana namaqembu ahlukene. Abantu bangaba nobunikazi obungaphezu kokukodwa ukuze bavikeleke - usosayensi angase afune ukugcina ubunikazi 'bososayensi okahle' nontanga kanye 'nobuntu obuhle' nomphakathi. Kuyavela ukubona ukuthi bahamba nobani uma sekuqubuka ukungqubuzana kwalezi zimpawu. Kaningi bakhetha ubulima obungezona ezesayensi (isibonelo sakamuva salokhu ngezansi kokugoqa).

Iqiniso liwukuthi ubuwula ngokuvamile kuyisenzo sentando: abantu bazenza izilima, lapho kubafanele. Ukuthi abantu bayakwazi ukwenza lokhu, ngendlela yakho, kuhlaba umxhwele kakhulu. I-psychoanalyst yesiNgisi UWilfred Bion walwa eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, futhi imibono yakhe yalolongwa ngokwengxenye yilokho okuhlangenwe nakho. UBion wayehlatshwe umxhwele indlela abantu ababevala ngayo amandla abo okucabanga nokucabanga lapho beya empini, ngokomfanekiso nangokoqobo. Umbono wakhe wokuthi abantu bafunda kanjani wawungavamile ngoba wahlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi asifuni njalo ukulazi. Abantu abamane baphuthelwe ulwazi; bayakuphikisa noma bayakwenqaba ngokungazi. Bafuna ulwazi lokususa, uBion alubiza ngokuthi -K. Ukwehluleka ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho kubangelwa ukwesaba ukucabanga ngesingakwazi, kanye nokunamathela emibonweni eqinisekisayo nemikhuba ekhona. Ukufunda kokuhlangenwe nakho, ngokusho ku-Bion, kudinga umsebenzi onzima, ongakhululekile wokucabanga ngemizwa yethu. Kubeke kanjalo futhi uyabona ukuthi kungani abaningi bethu bevame ukukhetha ubuwula.

About the Author: Ian Leslie
Source: Izinhlobo Eziyisikhombisa Zobuwula