Mibereko isina kunaka: vanoshanda sei mukuita?

Michael Fasogbon

Updated: 2 December 2023

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71% yevatengesi vatengesi maakaunzi anorasikirwa nemari pakutengesa maCFD nemupi uyu.

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Icho chishandiso chekugadzirisa hupfumi - kungave nekuwedzera mubereko kumisa inflation, kana nekudzikisa mubereko wekusimudzira kukura.

Sei mubereko wakakosha?

Interest Interest

Mari yemubereko ine mabasa akati wandei:

Ndiwo mari inobhadhariswa nebhanga guru renyika pakuvakweretesa mari ivo vobva vashandisa sehwaro hwezvavanobhadharisa vatengi vavo mari.

Mari yemubereko ndiyo zvakare inobhadharwa nebhanga guru kune vanoisa mari muzvikwereti zvarinoburitsa.

Izvi zvinoita kuti ive chishandiso chebhangi repakati rine mhedzisiro painflation, kukura uye chiyero chekuchinjana: kana mubereko wakaderera uye kiredhiti isingadhuri, vanhu vanonyanya kuda kushandisa, izvi zvinogona kuunza kukura, asiwo inflation nekuti kune. more demand; Kana mubereko wakakwira, mutengo wechikwereti uchakwira, kukura kunenge kwakaderera uye inflation ichave zvakare nekuti kudiwa kunodonha.

Kukwira kwezvibereko

Kana bhangi repakati rinosimudza mari yaro, rine mhedzisiro yekusimbisa kukosha kwemari yayo kune dzimwe mari.

Chokwadi, mubereko wepamusoro unovimbisa mubairo uri nani kune vanoisa mari (kuburikidza nekuchinjana kwekuchinjana kwekunze).

Semuenzaniso, kana Fed ichisimudza mitero yayo, madhora emadhora ane mari yakawanda uye vatengesi vanoshandura zvakanyanya kune madhora-denominated assets kutora mukana wemuripo uyu.

Iyo Dhora nekudaro ichakoshesa mumusika wemari yekunze.

Negative Interest Rates

Mabhanga mazhinji epakati akadzikisa mareferensi emari dzemubereko kusvika kumatanho asina kunaka.

Izvi zvinoreva kuti mabhanga ekutengeserana anowana kurasikirwa kana akaisa mari yavo yakawandisa kubhanga guru renyika, nekuti anobva awana mari shoma pane yavakaisa.

Mbereko yakaipa inokurudzira mabhanga kukweretesa mari kune veruzhinji, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera kukura kwehupfumi uye inflation, zvinangwa zvebhanga guru munyika dzine inflation yakaderera uye kukura kwakaderera.

Vanogonawo kupesvedzera mwero wekutsinhana, nekuti pane kurudziro yekudyara muzvinhu zvakasarudzwa mune dzimwe mari dzine mubereko wepamusoro.

Kureva kuti vanosimudzira kuderera kwemutengo wekuchinjana. Kuderera kwemari kunokanganisa kukura, nekuti kunokurudzira kutengesa kunze kwenyika.

Nekudaro, inyowani chiyero uye pane zvishoma ruzivo nemareti asina kunaka emari. Nyanzvi munyaya dzezvehupfumi dziri kutevera nechido chiitiko chitsva ichi.

Mimwe mhedzisiro yakaipa inogona kunge iri kudzikira kwekubatsira kwemabhanga uye kuwanda kwenjodzi inotorwa nevaisiri mari nekuda kwekuderera kwepurofiti.

Pane njodzi yekugadzira mabhubhu mune mamwe masekete, senge real estate.

Vaongorori vakati wandei vanoona mibairo yakaipa sematanho eshungu ekuwana zvinangwa zveinflation zvinokuvadza kuhurongwa hwemari uye kugadzikana kwehupfumi.

Nyika dzine mhindu dzakaipa pari zvino iDenmark (-0.65%), Switzerland (-0.75%), Sweden (-0.35%) neJapan (-0.1%).

IEuropean Central Bank (ECB) inewo mibairo yakaipa ye -0.3%.

Kana vakashanda, isu tiri pakutanga here nguva itsva yepasi rose yemitengo yakaipa? Ndezvipi zvinorehwa nemhindu zvisina kunaka zvingave nazvo pahupfumi?

Negative Interest Rate muEuropean Union

IEuropean Central Bank (ECB) yakaramba iine mubereko we zero kubva pakati pe2012 uye isina kunaka kubva pakati pe2014, kudzivirira tarisiro yekukanganisa.

IECB ine gore negore inflation target ye2%, nepo inflation inotarisirwa muna 2015 yaiva 1% kwemakore mana anotevera.

Musiyano wemhindu pakati peEurope neUnited States wakonzera kudzikira kweEuro ichienzaniswa neDhora.

Negative Interest Rate muJapan

Muna Kukadzi 2016, Bhangi reJapan richatora mibairo isina kunaka kudzivirira tarisiro yekudzikisira.

Inflation inosvika 0.2% (gore negore muna Zvita 2015), ukuwo inflation iine 2%. Chibereko chemari -0.1%.

Japan inotambura nemamiriro ekukura akaderera (muna 2015 GDP yakawira 0.1%) yakasanganiswa nekuderera kwemari.

Hurumende yeJapan yakatoedza kuwedzera kukura nekuwedzera kushandiswa kweveruzhinji uye kuwedzera kwemari.

Mbereko yakaipa inoonekwa sechiyero chinoitwa mushure mekunge mamwe maitiro echinyakare akundikana.

Zviremera zvinotaurawo mamiriro asina kunaka ehupfumi hweChinese uye kusagadzikana kwakanyanya kwemisika yemari yenyika sezvinhu zvekufungidzira kwakashata kwehupfumi hweJapan.

Chiyero chekukura kwechigadzirwa cheJapan chega chega chinokanganiswawo nechiitiko chekuchembera kwevanhu uye, kusiyana nenyika dzeEurope, dzinenge zero kutama.

Negative Interest Rate muSweden

Munyaya yeSweden, bhangi repakati (Risk bank) rinotsvaga kuzadzisa chinangwa chegore negore che2%. Mafungiro eSweden einflation yegore rino aive pakati pe0.7% ne1.3%.

Bhanga reRisk bank riri kuomerwa nekusvika padanho raro rekukwira kwemitengo nekuda kwekudonha kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa pamwe nekudzikira kwemitengo yezvinhu.

Kuderera kweEuro kwakonzera kuti mutengo wezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika kubva kuSweden udzike, izvo zvakakonzera kuderera kweinflation.

Nekusimudzira mabhanga kukweretesa kune veruzhinji pane kuisa mari muRiskbank, inflation pressure inogadzirwa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kubatwa kwemari yenyika (Swedish krona) kunoodzwa mwoyo, izvo zvinogadzira kumanikidzwa kuideredza. Kuderera kwemutengo kune zvakanakira inflation.

Kusiyana neJapan, hupfumi hweSweden hauna dambudziko rekukura, sezvo iri 3%.

Chiyero chekufarira cheRiskbank chakapinda munzvimbo isina kunaka muna 2014.

Negative Interest Rate muDenmark

Interest Interest

Chirevo chemubereko muDenmark ndeye -0.0172%

Denmark ine mari (Danish korona) yakasungirirwa kuEuro ine mukana wekusiyana we2.25%.

Mubairo wakashata weDenmark National bank (pakati pebhangi reDenmark) wanga uri munzvimbo isina kunaka kubva pakati pe2012, kuitira kuchengetedza mutengo weDanish Crown pedyo neiyo euro.

Sezvo European Central Bank (ECB) yakadzikisa mubereko wayo kurwisa deflation, bhangi reNyika reDenmark raifanirawo kudzikisa mubereko kudzivirira korona yeDanish kubva kukoshesa.

Kudai bhangi reNyika reDenmark rakanga risina kudzikisa mubereko, vatengesi vangadai vakatenga zvinhu zvakasarudzwa muDanish Crowns kuti vatore mukana wekusiyana kwegoho; izvi zvingadai zvakakoshesa mari.

Denmark chikamu cheEuropean monetary system. Iyo European Exchange Mechanism (ERM), iyo Denmark inonamatira, inomisikidza inogona kushanduka yeDanish Crown ichipokana neEuro.

Kutya kwevanoongorora nezvemamiriro akaita zvinhu muDenmark kunokanganisa kugadzikana kwemari nehupfumi.

Mari yenguva pfupi yemortgage yakaipa uye mitengo yezvivakwa yakakwira zvakanyanya, kunyanya muCopenhagen, guta guru reDenmark.

Negative Interest Rate muSwitzerland

Chirevo chemubereko cheSwitzerland central bank (SNB) ndeye -0.75%.

Switzerland yakadzikisa mubereko kusvika kune yakaipa pasi muna Chikumi 2014, panguva imwechete iyo sirin'i ye1.20 francs per euro yakasiiwa.

Chimwe chezvikonzero ndechekuderedza mari yeSwitzerland, Swiss franc, kukurudzira hupfumi uye kuwedzera inflation.

United States haidzingi mibairo yakaipa

United States Federal Reserve ichayedza kugona kwemabhanga ekuUS kushanda nemhindu yakaipa kwenguva yakareba.

Ichaita bvunzo yekushushikana umo mareti emubereko anopinda munzvimbo isina kunaka muna 2016 uye oramba asina kunaka kusvika 2019.

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71% yevatengesi vatengesi maakaunzi anorasikirwa nemari pakutengesa maCFD nemupi uyu.

Izvi hazvimiriri kufanotaura, chete bvunzo yekugona kwemabhangi, kunyangwe ichionekwa senge inogoneka nzira yekuita.

Nekudaro, zvinotarisirwa zviripo ndezvekuti iyo Federal Reserve icharamba ichikwidza mitengo yayo yemubereko. Parizvino chinangwa chiri pa0.25% (muna Zvita 2015 yakakwira kubva pa0%).

Kana United States ikaramba ichisimudza chiyero chemubereko, izvi zvichave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pahupfumi hweEurope uye kudzikisira kuderera kwemitengo yemubereko.

Mibereko isina kunaka: vanoshanda sei mukuita?

Michael Fasogbon

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