CBDCs are digital currencies that apex banks regulate. They are in two forms: retail and wholesale. The former are usually offered to the public, whereas the latter is meant for interbank transfers. CBDC structures can be tokenized or account-based.
Token-based systems utilize personal codes to claim ownership of them, while account-based systems require middlemen to recognize the parties involved and balance records. The apex bank distributes CBCDs directly or through delegated distribution through private banks.
CBDCs Vs Mobile Money
While mobile money is a liability for private banks, CBDCs are liabilities for apex banks. The latter can also operate P2P, potentially eliminating the need for longer processing periods.
CBDCs vs. Cryptocurrencies
Cryptos are not centralized, unlike CBDCs, which have a central authority. While CBDCs are made to emulate the worth of their fiat counterparts, cryptocurrencies are mostly unstable.
Global Embrace of CBDCs
• USA
The US hasn’t been as fast in developing a CBDC as other top countries, but the Federal Reserve revealed that it is testing to see if blockchain can facilitate swift and secure transactions.
There have been no updates regarding CBDCs for retail usage; however, the wholesale CBDC trial project has advanced to the next stage to decrease payment risks.
• UK
England’s Apex Bank declared that it would continue with the CBDC project. It is reported that while the pound will remain relevant, a digital equivalent issued by England’s apex bank would offer a novel, consistent, and accessible payment method.
• EU
The European Apex Bank initiated a digital currency development program two years ago, looking more into retail CBDCs. The bank is soon expected to complete the research phase of this project.
Conclusion
The CBDC industry is worth keeping an eye on in the coming years as countries advance in the shift to a digital economy. Though, it needs to solve technological and user adoption challenges. The nations and their private sector partners that successfully introduced CBDCs could have substantial economic growth sooner or later.
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