Ukwembula Izixazululo Ze-Layer-2 Blockchain: Umhlahlandlela Wabatshalizimali

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Okuthile kwe-L2T

ITHELELELI

IZIPHUMA

Emkhakheni oyinkimbinkimbi wobuchwepheshe be-blockchain, umbono wesistimu eyodwa uphikisana nesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esakhiwe izixazululo ezinezingqimba. Lezi zendlalelo, nakuba zibalulekile, ngokuvamile zisebenza njengamakhambi esikhashana ezinselele ezicashile zokuqina. Lapha, sihlolisisa ingqikithi ye-Layer-2s kanye nemithelela yayo kubatshalizimali abafuna ukuzulazula ku-landscape ye-blockchain eyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuqonda Isendlalelo-2

Emnyombweni wobuchwepheshe be-blockchain kukhona uhlaka olunezigaba ezine ezihlukene:

• Isendlalelo-0 (L0): Ngokuyisisekelo, ingqalasizinda ye-inthanethi nezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezibalulekile ezisekela uxhumo lenethiwekhi.
• Isendlalelo-1 (L1): Inethiwekhi ye-blockchain eyinhloko enesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthengiselana, ukwakheka kokuvumelana, nezivumelwano zokuphepha.
• Isendlalelo-2 (L2): Idizayinelwe ukubhekana nezinkinga zokuqina ngokungeza ukusebenza kwe-Layer-1.
• Isendlalelo-3 (L3): Kunikezelwe ekusingatheni izicelo kanye nokukhuthaza ukwamukelwa okubanzi kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain.

Iqhaza Lezixazululo Zengqimba-2

Izixazululo ze-Layer-2 ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezakhiwo ze-blockchain, ezisebenza phezulu kwamanethiwekhi e-Layer-1 ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokusebenza. Ngokusebenzisa ukuphepha nokutholakala kwedatha ye-Layer-1 blockchains, izixazululo ze-Layer-2 zilula izinqubo futhi zinciphise ukuminyana, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.

Ukubaluleka kanye nomthelela we-Layer-2 Solutions

Njengoba i-blockchain ecosystems iqhubeka nokukhula, ukwehla kuvela njengokukhathazeka okubalulekile. I-Layer-2 blockchains inikeza isisombululo esisebenzayo ngokuhlukanisa okwenziwayo kusuka kuchungechunge oluyinhloko, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwezindleko kanye nokusetshenziswa okuthuthukisiwe. Ngokulayisha okwenziwayo kusuka kumanethiwekhi we-Layer-1, izixazululo ze-Layer-2 zenza kube lula ukusebenza okuphezulu ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuvikeleka nokwahlukaniswa okukhona kubuchwepheshe be-blockchain.

Ukuhlaziywa Okuqhathanisayo: Isendlalelo-2 vs. SWIFT

Ukudweba ukufana kunethiwekhi ye-SWIFT, i-Layer-2 blockchains iqondisa izinqubo zokuthengiselana ezifana nezimali ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Kodwa-ke, kukhona umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwalokhu kokubili, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokwahlukaniswa kwezindawo kanye nesivinini sokuqedwa kokwenziwayo.

Ukuhlola Okuhlukile Kwezixazululo Ze-Layer-2

Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezixazululo ze-Layer-2 zihlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-blockchain ecosystem, enikeza izixazululo ezihambisanayo ezisuselwe ezidingweni ezithile. Lokhu okuhlukile kuhlanganisa iziteshi zezwe, ama-rollups anethemba, i-zk-rollups, amaketanga e-plasma, nama-sidechains, ngalinye linikeza izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele nokusebenza.

• Iziteshi zombuso: Isiteshi sombuso sisebenza njengesixazululo sesibili ku-blockchain, esivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze imisebenzi yangasese engenamkhawulo ngaphandle kweketango. Kuzuzisa kakhulu ezimweni ezidinga okwenziwa njalo, izindlela ezimbili, njengama-microtransactions kumageyimu neminikelo ngesikhathi sokusakaza bukhoma.
• Ama-Rollups anekhono: Izixazululo ze-Layer-2 zingasheshisa ukucutshungulwa kokwenziwe ngokuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi engaphandle kweketango ibe yinto eyodwa, kucatshangelwa ukufaneleka kwayo ngokuzenzakalela, futhi yenze izibalo kuphela uma kuphakama ukungezwani. Lona umgomo wokusebenza wokugoqa okunethemba, ofaneleka kahle izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniselwe amazwe (i-DApps) kanye nezinkundla zezimali ezinwetshiwe (i-DeFi).
• I-ZK Rollups: I-Zero-knowledge rollups ithuthukisa ukuphepha kwe-blockchain uma kuqhathaniswa nama-rollups anethemba ngokuhlanganisa idatha yokwenziwayo, ukuqinisekisa okwenziwayo ngaphandle kochungechunge, nokudlulisela le datha kuchungechunge oluyinhloko. Ngokufana nama-rollups anethemba, leli fomu lesisombululo se-Layer-2 lihle kakhulu kumapulatifomu e-DApps ne-DeFi, enikeza ubumfihlo obuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle.
• I-Plasma: Phakathi kwezixazululo ezihlukahlukene ze-Layer-2, amaketanga e-plasma anikeza izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha ngokusungula inethiwekhi yamaketanga ezingane njengamaketanga esibili asiza i-blockchain eyinhloko ezinqubweni zokuqinisekisa. Lawa maketango ezingane axhumene ngezinkontileka ezihlakaniphile, okuvumela iketango eliyinhloko ukuthi liqondise ukusebenza kwazo ngempumelelo.
• Sidechains: Ama-blockchains azimele, aziwa ngokuthi ama-sidechains, asebenza eduze kwe-blockchain eyinhloko. Zifanele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga izici eziklanyelwe kanye nokubusa okuzimele okuhlukene nochungechunge oluyinhloko kuyilapho zilawula ukusebenza kwesendlalelo esiyisisekelo ngempumelelo.

Izicelo kanye Nezimo Zokusebenzisa

Amaphrothokholi we-Layer-2 andisa amandla amanethiwekhi e-blockchain amaphakathi, avumela ukuphazamiseka emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, okufaka phakathi ezezimali ezihlukaniselwe abantu (i-DeFi), izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukaniselwe izindawo (i-Dapps), kanye nezinkokhelo ezincane. Ngokuthuthukisa isivinini sokwenziwe, ukuqina, nokusebenzisana, izixazululo ze-Layer-2 zivula amathuba amasha okwamukelwa kwe-blockchain kanye nokuqanjwa kabusha.

Imibono yabatshalizimali kanye neziphetho zethu

Ekuhlaziyeni izixazululo ze-Layer-2, abatshalizimali akumele bacabangele izici zobuchwepheshe kuphela kodwa futhi bacabangele ukwamukelwa kwemakethe nokuzibandakanya konjiniyela. Nakuba izixazululo ze-Layer-2 okwamanje zengeza inani elibalulekile ku-blockchain ecosystem, umkhondo wazo wesikhathi eside uhlala ungaqiniseki.

Izinto ezifana nemiphumela yenethiwekhi, ukuthuthukiswa kokulawula, kanye nentuthuko ku-Layer-1 scalability kungase kube nomthelela esimweni sesikhathi esizayo sezixazululo ze-Layer-2.

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