Inkinga ye-SEC vs XRP: Konke Odinga Ukukwazi

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Izinsuku ezimbalwa ezedlule kube yisipiliyoni esibuhlungu kakhulu kuRipple (XRP), okubonile ukuthi i-cryptocurrency yesithathu ngobukhulu ishefa icishe isondele kuma-60% kusuka kunani layo. Izinto zifike zashayisa i-cryptocurrency kulandela icala elisanda kwenziwa yi-SEC.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobe singena ngokujulile emacaleni we-SEC ngokumelene ne-XRP, uhlobo lwe-XRP, kanye nokuphendula kwentengo kanye nezibikezelo eziphathelene nokuphahlazeka okubangelwa icala.


Amacala Asecala ahlobene ne-Cryptocurrency ngo-2020
I-US Securities and Exchange Commission (i-US SEC) ibinzima kuma-cryptocurrensets kulo nyaka. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka (esikhathini esithile ngoMashi), iKhomishini yawina umyalelo wezwe omelene nokukhishwa kweStarcoin (GRAM) kweTelegram, yaqeda iminyaka eminingana yocwaningo nenqubekela phambili entsha, noma ngabe zazingekho izinsolo zokukhwabanisa.

 

Nakulokhu ngoSepthemba, iJaji u-Alvin K. Hellerstein ukhiphe isinqumo esivuna isiphakamiso se-SEC sokukhishwa kwesinqumo esifingqiwe ku-SEC vs. Kik Interactive. Isiphakamiso sisola ukuthi iKik ithengise izibambiso ezingabhalisiwe ngokungafanele lapho ikhipha amathokheni ayo eKin crypto. Womabili la macala (abhekene neTelegram kanye neKik) afakwe eSifundeni SaseNingizimu saseNew York.

Ukusheshisela phambili kuDisemba 22, i-SEC inqume ukuyobamba elinye icala elisezingeni eliphezulu. IKhomishini yafaka isimangalo sayo esifundeni esishiwo ngenhla ngokumelene neRipple Labs kanye nezikhulu zayo zangaphambilini nezamanje ze-Chief Executive Officer (CEO), uChristian Larsen noBradly Garlinghouse, ngokulandelana, ngokuqongelela cishe u- $ 1.38 billion ngokuthengisa i-XRP kusukela ngo-2013.

Umphumela waleli cala waba nesihluku kuXRP, eyehle cishe ngama-25% emahoreni angama-24 kuphela ngemuva kokufakwa kwecala.

Isikhalazo
I-Securities and Exchange Commission yamemezela ngomhlaka-22 kuDisemba ukuthi isifakele izinyathelo i-Ripple Labs kanye nezimbili zayo, iKhomishini ebabona njengabagcini bezokuphepha, ngezinsolo zokuqoqa imali engaphezulu kwamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.3 ngemali engabhalisiwe, eqhubekayo yezimpahla zedijithali .

Ngokwesikhalazo se-SEC, uRipple; UChristian Larsen, ongumsunguli wenkampani, usihlalo omkhulu webhodi layo, kanye nalowo owayeyi-CEO; noBradley Garlinghouse, umphathi wale nkampani njengamanje, bathola izimali ezigcwele abantu ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwale nkampani. Leli cala lisola ukuthi umsebenzi kaRipple wokubuyisa izixuku waqala ngo-2013, kusukela ekuthengisweni kweXRP eminikelweni yezokuphepha engabhalisiwe kubatshali bezimali baseMelika nasemhlabeni jikelele. Isikhalazo siphinde sasola ukuthi iRipple isabalalise izigidigidi ze-XRP ngokungacatshangelwa imali, njengokusebenza nokwenza imisebenzi emakethe.

Leli cala liphinde langeze ukuthi ngaphezu kokuthuthukisa, ukukhuthaza nokuthengisa iXRP esetshenziselwa ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwayo, uLarsen noGarlinghouse baphinde benza ukuthengiswa kwe-XRP komuntu siqu, okulinganiselwa ku- $ 600 million. Isikhalazo sisola ukuthi abamangalelwa bahlulekile ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokubhalisa ngokwezinhlinzeko zokubhaliswa kwemithetho yezokuphepha yenhlangano, okubabeka esimweni esingenakubekwa cala.

UStephanie Avakian, uMqondisi we-SEC's Enforcement Division, uphawule ukuthi “abakhiphi abafuna izinzuzo zomnikelo womphakathi, kufaka phakathi ukufinyelela kubatshalizimali abathengisayo, ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi kanye nemakethe yokuhweba yesibili, kumele bathobele imithetho yezokuphepha yenhlangano efuna ukubhaliswa kweminikelo ngaphandle kusebenza ukubhaliswa. ” Ubuye wengeza ukuthi "sisola ukuthi uRipple, uLarsen, noGarlinghouse bahlulekile ukubhalisa ukunikezwa kwabo okuqhubekayo nokuthengiswa kwezigidigidi ze-XRP kubatshalizimali abathengisa, okuncishe abathengi abangaba khona ukudalulwa okwanele mayelana neXRP nebhizinisi likaRipple nezinye izivikelo ezibalulekile esezinesikhathi eside kuyisisekelo sohlelo lwethu lwezimakethe zomphakathi oluqinile. ”

 

Isikhalazo se-SEC safakwa kwabamangalelwa ngezinsolo zokwephula imibandela yokubhalisa ngokweSecurities Act yango-1933. Uphenyo lwenziwa nguDaphna A. Waxman, uJon A. Daniels, noJohn O. Enright weCyber ​​Unit ye-SEC. Leli cala ligadwe nguKristina Littman, oyiChief of the SEC Enforcing Division's Cyber ​​Unit. Ekugcineni, ukuqulwa kwamacala kwasizwa nguJorge G. Tenreiro, uDugan Bliss, uNks. Waxman, noMnu. Daniels, futhi baqondiswa nguPreethi Krishnamurthy.
Umlando Omfushane we-Ripple ne-XRP
Umqondo we-XRP wasungulwa emuva ekuqaleni kuka-2012, ngemuva kwalokho inkampani yashintsha igama layo yaba yiRipple. I-XRP Ledger — noma eyaziwa ngenye indlela njengekhodi yesoftware — isebenza njengedathabheyisi yontanga isabalale kunethiwekhi yamakhompiyutha (ama-node), anikezwe umsebenzi wokuqopha idatha mayelana nokuthengiselana phakathi kwezinye izidingo. Ukuthola ukuvumelana, iseva ngayinye kunethiwekhi ihlola konke okwenziwayo kusuka kusethi engezansi yamanodi athembekile, ukuvimbela ukuthengiselana okukhohlisayo. Ama-node athembekile aziwa njenge-node eyingqayizivele yeseva elahlekile noma i-UNL.

Enethiwekhi ye-XRP, iseva ngayinye inenkululeko yokuchaza izindawo zayo ezithembekile. Noma kunjalo, i-XRP Ledger idinga izinga eliphilile lama-node athembekile agqagqene akhethwe yiseva ngayinye. Ukufeza lokhu, uRipple wenza umphakathi ohlongozwayo we-UNL.

Ngemuva kokuthi i-XRP Ledger isiqediwe ekugcineni futhi njengoba yayisetshenziswa kumaseva aqokiwe ukuyisebenzisa ngoDisemba 2012, eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili edlule, ukunikezwa okungaguquki kwe-XRP billion eyi-100 kwamiswa futhi kwenziwa ngemali ephansi kakhulu. Ngemuva kokudalwa, amathokheni we-XRP ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-80 adluliselwe eRipple, inkampani eyayisingethe, kuyilapho amathokheni asele angama-20 billion adluliselwe kubasunguli, kufaka phakathi uLarsen. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iRipple nabasunguli bayo babephethe yonke iXRP eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi.

Lezi zinqumo kwathiwa zenziwa njengokwehliswa phakathi kwenethiwekhi yontanga eyehliswe ngokuphelele yiBitcoin (BTC) kanye nenethiwekhi emaphakathi ngokuphelele enomxhumanisi othembekile oyedwa, njengesikhungo sezimali sendabuko. Lokho kusho ukuthi, iBitcoin ayikaze yakhelwe ukuthi isebenze ngendlela eyodwa, kuyilapho i-XRP ekuqaleni yayenzelwe ukuthi ibe yilokho kuphela uma kubhekwa ukusatshalaliswa kwamathokheni okuqala. Le ndlela ye-hybrid yezimpahla zedijithali ezisebenza nge-blockchain, ebilawulwa ngumzimba ophakathi nendawo, isuse uthuthuva emphakathini we-cryptocurrency, abaningi abathanda i-crypto bethi i-XRP ibingeyona imali eyiqiniso "eyiqiniso".

Ngokusho kwe-SEC, phakathi kuka-2013 no-2014, uRipple kanye nabasunguli bayo bafuna ukwenza imakethe ye-XRP ngokufuna ukuthi i-Ripple isabalalise cishe i-12.5 billion XRP ngezinhlelo zokuzithokozisa, okwenza abahleli bezinhlelo bathole amathokheni okubika izimbungulu kukhodi ye-XRP Ledger. Ukuqhubekisela phambili ukukhulisa ukusakazeka nokwenza imakethe yokuhweba yeXRP, iRipple isabalalise izamba ezincane zamathokheni — imvamisa iphakathi kuka-100 no-1,000 XNUMX XRP ngokuthengiselana ngakunye — kubathuthukisi abangaziwa nabanye.

Ngemuva kwalokho, i-Ripple yenza izenzo ezihlelekile zokuthuthukisa ukufunwa okuqagelwayo nevolumu yokuhweba ye-XRP. Ku-2015, uRipple waqala umkhankaso wokwenza i-XRP ibe "yimpahla yedijithali yendawo yonke" yamabhange nezinye izikhungo zezezimali zendabuko ukwenza ukudluliswa kwemali. Ngokusho kwe-SEC, ukwenza lokhu, uRipple kwakudingeka ukuthi enze imakethe yokuhweba yesibili ye-XRP esebenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Ripple yandise imizamo yayo yokwenza ukusetshenziswa kwe-XRP ngenkathi kukhulisa ukuthengiswa kwe-cryptocurrency emakethe.

Kuleli qophelo iRipple Labs, kanye ne-subsidiary yayo iXRP II LLC, yaba ngaphansi kophenyo olwenziwe yi-US Financial Crimes Enforcing Network (FinCEN), benza ngokwegunya layo kwi-Bank Secrecy Act (BSA). Isifunda saseNyakatho eCalifornia, ngokubambisana neHhovisi Lommeli wase-US, likhokhise zombili lezi zinkampani ngokwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene ezibekiwe ze-BSA, kufaka phakathi ukungabhalisi ne-FinCEN nokuhluleka ukugcina kahle i-Anti-Money Laundering (AML) ne-Know Your Customer ( KYC). I-FinCEN iqinisekise ukuthi ukwehluleka kukaRipples ukuhambisana nezidingo kwavula ithuba lokuthi amaphekula nabashushumbisi bemali basebenzise iXRP kabi.

Kodwa-ke, leli cala alizange lifike enkantolo, njengoba iRipple Labs yavuma ukukhokha amacala ngokukhokha inhlawulo engu- $ 700,000 nokuvuselela ukusebenza kwenkampani ukuhlangabezana nezindinganiso zeBSA ezidingekayo. Isivumelwano sangaphandle kwenkantolo samenyezelwa ngoMeyi 5, 2015. Ngalo lonke uphenyo lwayo, iFinCEN yaqhubeka yathi iXRP kwakuyimali eyidijithali, uRipple ayamukela futhi usabuyekeze imigomo yayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zeBSA.

Isikhalazo se-SEC siphawule ukuthi kusuka ku-2014 kuya kwikota yesithathu yonyaka we-2020, iRipple ithengise okungenani i-8.8 billion XRP emakethe nasekuthengiseni izikhungo, inetha cishe u- $ 1.38 billion ukuxhasa imisebenzi yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhalazo sathi kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-Mashi 2020, ngenkathi eyi-CEO futhi kamuva waba ngusihlalo webhodi eRipple, uLarsen nomkakhe, uLyna Lam, bathengise ngaphezu kwe-1.7 billion XRP kubatshali bezimali bomphakathi emakethe ye-cryptocurrency.

Lezi zithandani kubikwa ukuthi zenze okungenani u- $ 450 million ngokuthengisa. Khonamanjalo, kusuka ngo-Ephreli 2017 kuya kuDisemba 2019, ngenkathi eyi-CEO yeRipple, uGarlinghouse uthengise ngaphezu kwe-321 million XRP ayithole kuRipple kubatshali bezimali bomphakathi emakethe ye-cryptocurrency, ethola cishe amaRandi ayizigidi ezingama-150 ngokuthengisa.


Ukuhwebelana Kuqala Ukukhipha i-XRP
Ukulandela icala elibucayi elibhekene ne-cryptocurrency giant, ukushintshana okuningi sekuqalile ukungabhalisi noma ukumisa ukuhweba kwe-XRP kuzingxenyekazi zabo. ICoinbase kube ukushintshaniswa kwakamuva ukuziqhelelanisa neXRP njengoba isudi lidonsa.

ICoinbase ibhale iXRP ezinhlakeni zayo ezibheke ukuthengisa ngoFebhuwari 2019. Kodwa-ke, uCoinbase umemezele ukuthi imali yedijithali manje isihanjiswe esigabeni "semikhawulo kuphela" okwamanje futhi izomiswa ngokuphelele ngoJanuwari 19, 2021. UPaul Grewal, oyiChief Isikhulu sezomthetho eCoinbase, sibhale kubhulogi ukuthi "sizoqhubeka nokuqapha intuthuko yezomthetho ehlobene ne-XRP futhi sivuselele amakhasimende ethu njengoba ulwazi oluningi lutholakala."

Okwamanje, ukushintshaniswa kuqinisekisile ukuthi izikhwama zabasebenzisi zeXRP zisazokwazi ukuthola izimali futhi zisize ukuhoxiswa ngisho nangemva kokumiswa okugcwele. Okuphawuleka kakhulu, iCoinbase ikuqinisekisile ukuthi ipulatifomu yayo isazosekela i-airdrop ezayo yamathokheni weSpark kubanikazi beXRP. Lokho kusho ukuthi, i-XRP izohlala isekelwa yi-Coinbase Custody naku-Coinbase Wallet yokuzibamba.

Intengo yeXRP kuCoinbase yaphahlazeka isuka cishe ku- $ 0.24 emizuzwini yokuqala engama-20 yesimemezelo esenziwe ngoDisemba 28. Ngemuva kwalokho, imali ye-cryptocurrency isule ngaphezu kwe-60% ekulinganisweni kwayo selokhu kwamenyezelwa icala le-SEC ngesonto eledlule.

UCoinbase uqaphele ukuthi isizathu sokulahla i-XRP njengempahla ethengiswayo kungxenyekazi yabo kungenxa yokuthi, njengoba i-Ripple ifuna i-IPO, ukuba yipulatifomu ephethe okuthile okunikela ngezokuphepha-noma enamandla okuba yikho-kungadinga ukuvuselelwa nokwengeza amaphepha ku kwenze kube semthethweni ukuthi abathengisi abathengisayo bahwebe.

ICoinbase ingukushintshaniswa okukhulu kakhulu kwe-cryptocurrency ukuqeda ubudlelwane bayo ne-XRP kulandela icala le-SEC. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungakhuthaza izenzo ezifanayo phakathi kokunye ukuhwebelana nge-idijithali yemali.

IBitstamp ne-OKCoin bamemezele phambilini ukuthi babemisa ukuhweba kanye nokufakwa kwemali kuwo wonke amakhasimende ase-US ngomhla ka-8 no-4 kuJanuwari ngokulandelana.

Ukuhwebelana okuqhubeka nokunikeza i-XRP ngaphandle kokubhalisa njengokushintshaniswa kwezokuphepha ne-SEC engozini ehlangabezana nezinkinga neziphathimandla. Kodwa-ke, uma i-Ripple iwina leli cala noma ibalekele ukujeziswa okuncane, iCoinbase nokunye ukushintshana kungenzeka kubhale kabusha i-XRP ngokushesha.

U-Alex Kruger, umhwebi / umhlaziyi we-cryptocurrency, ukubeka kahle kakhulu ngokuthi "ukushintshaniswa kwe-crypto akubhalisiwe ne-SEC (ngokuzikhethela, njengoba ukubhalisa kuthwala imithwalo eminingi nezindleko ezengeziwe) ngakho-ke kuyinzuzo yabo ukunganikeli ukuhweba ngezibambiso. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuvikela bona, hhayi amakhasimende abo. ”
UGabriel Shapiro, ummeli wakwaBelcher, uSmolen noVan Loo LLP, uthe kwinhlolokhono yakamuva ukuthi isinqumo sokukhipha iXRP ngokuhwebelana sinzima, uma kubhekwa imiphumela yezomthetho neyezomthetho.


Umbono Wethu
Yize ukukhwabanisa okuqhubekayo kubukeka kumbi, sikholwa ukuthi asikho isizathu sokwethuka okwamanje. Kukhona ithuba lapha. Ukuhwebelana okususelwa e-US okususa i-XRP bekulindelekile, kucatshangelwa ukuthi banesibopho ngokomthetho sokuhambisana ne-SEC. Lokhu kushintshana kukwenza ngezizathu zokuphepha.

NgoDisemba, iJapan yamemezela ukuthi i-XRP ayithathwa njengomnikelo wokuphepha. I-UK nayo yenza isimemezelo esifanayo phambilini.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, sikholwa ukuthi lolu phenyo lwe-SEC lungolwesikhashana futhi uRipple uzogcina ehlawuliswe kakhulu. Icala kukholakala ukuthi alifaneleki kangako, uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-SEC ayizange ilinganise i-XRP njengesibambiso sezokuphepha eminyakeni ethile edlule. Noma kunjalo, intengo ye-XRP izothinteka kakhulu lapho ukuhwebelana okuningi okusekelwe e-US kumisa okwesikhashana i-cryptocurrency, kepha silindele ukululama ngokugcwele ngonyaka ozayo lapho konke lokhu kudlula.

Lokho kusho ukuthi, “kunegazi emigwaqweni” kanti manje yisikhathi esihle sokuzibeka ezingeni lokuzuza kulesi simo. Kodwa-ke, asikwazi ukusho ngokuqinisekile ukuthi lokhu kwehla kuzokuya kude kangakanani, kepha kunethuba lapha ngokuqinisekile. Njengenjwayelo, besifuna ukuletha izindaba kuwe (abafundi bethu) njengoba sihlala senza lapho sibona ithuba elihle lokuhweba.
Ukuhlaziywa Kwentengo ye-XRP / USD
Ngesikhathi sokushicilela, i-XRP manje isihleli ngokujulile ngaphakathi kwendawo engaphezulu-ngokususelwa kunkomba yethu ye-4-MACD. Ngenkathi ukushintshashintsha kwasendle kuyindawo ejwayelekile ekuhwebeni nge-cryptocurrency, izitayela ezihamba isikhathi eside zizobuyela emuva kakhulu. I-Ripple okwamanje yehle -30% ngaphezulu kwamahora angama-24 edlule.

Imininingwane yabadayisi abathengisayo ikhombisa ukuthi babalelwa ku-94% abathengisi abanesikhathi eside, kanti isilinganiso sabadayisi isikhathi eside ukuya esifushane simi ku-17.3 kuye ku-1. Kodwa-ke, isibalo sabathengisi isikhathi eside singaphansi ngama-5% kunezinsuku ezimbili ezedlule no-2.8% ngaphansi kusukela ngesonto eledlule, ngenkathi inani le-net-short likhuphuke ngama-53% kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili ezedlule kanye nama-36% ngaphezulu kusuka ngesonto eledlule. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi abadayisi abaphansi kwenetha kunezinsuku ezimbili ezedlule uma kuqhathaniswa neviki eledlule.

Noma kunjalo, ushintsho lwakamuva embonweni wokuhweba lukhombisa ukuthi ukuthambekela kwamanani entengo yeXRP yamanje kungabona ukubuyela emuva okubukhali kungekudala.

Khonamanjalo, ukuguquguquka okungaqondakali kweXRP kwaqala lapho izindaba mayelana nethokheni yethokheni leSpark ziqala ukusabalala phakathi kwabahwebi. Irali elenzelwe ukumenyezelwa lidale ukuthi i-cryptocurrency isike ibanga layo lokuhweba leminyaka eminingi phakathi kuka- $ 0.20 no- $ 0.30 bese iqhubeka icishe ifike ku- $ 0.90 ekushintshaneni okuningana.

Ngalesi sikhathi, abathengisi baqala ukubeka inzalo kwi-crypto, eyayisiza yazinza cishe ngama- $ 0.60. Kodwa-ke, izindaba ezimayelana nokumangalelwa kwe-SEC ngokumelene noRipple zagqashuka futhi zathumela i-cryptocurrency yesithathu ngobukhulu ekuweni okubukhali esifundeni se- $ 0.20 futhi, lapho yathola khona isidingo esisha futhi. Ngemuva kwalokho, izindaba zokumiswa kweCoinbase ukumiswa kwe-XRP ngesonto elizayo zivuse ukuthengiswa okusha, okuthathe intengo kafushane ngaphansi kokuxhaswa okubalulekile kwe- $ 0.20.

Lokho kushiwo, abaqageli balindele ukuthi ezinye izinto ziqhubeke phansi esikhathini esiseduze, bechaza ngokuqhubeka kokuchithwa kokuhwebelana okuhambisana nokwehla kwemali engenayo njengezimbangela ezinkulu. Kakade, amanye amafemu amakhulu enza izimakethe asebenze noRipple aseqalile ukusika ubudlelwano nale nkampani, okukhombisa ukuthi ukwehla kwemali kuzokwehla ngokushesha okukhulu.

Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokucindezela, imakethe yeXRP ibone ukululama okunempilo kusuka ekuthengeni kwayo kwakamuva kusuka ku- $ 0.17 lows kuya endaweni engu- $ 0.21. Lokhu kubuyela emuva kubonisa ukuminyanisa okufushane, noma kungahle kungapheli isikhathi eside. Ingcindezi enkulu yokuthengisa ingabonakala ezingeni lika- $ 0.24, elibonakala liyinto enkulu ethikameza ukukhula kweXRP.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye umhlaziyi udwebe isithombe esidabukisayo se-XRP emasontweni azayo, njengoba enza isibikezelo sentengo phakathi kuka- $ 0.07 kuya ku- $ 0.12. Ubuye waveza ukuthi okunye ukushintshaniswa kokushintshaniswa, ukushoda kwemali, nokuphuma kwemikhomo kuzoqhubeka ukufaka ingcindezi enanini le-XRP. uthe “XRP: IMO uthuli luyohlala emasontweni / ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo kwenye indawo phakathi .07-.12c. Uketshezi kuzoma. I-ODL ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa ku-Bitstamp. Ukuhwebelana okuningi kuzomisa ukuhweba. Abadlali abakhulu bazoqhubeka nokubeka engcupheni futhi balahle uhlu olwedlulele. Ngendlela engibona ngayo. ”

Noma kunjalo, izinsuku ezizayo kufanele zenze izinto zicace ngokulandela umkhombandlela olandelayo we-XRP, kugcinwe imiphumela yalokhu okufushane okufushane engqondweni.