Isingeniso Emnothweni Womkhathi kanye Nokutshalwa Kwezimali Kumasheya Esikhala

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ITHELELELI

IZIPHUMA

Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu ngemuva kokufika kwenyanga ka-Apollo, sekuqala ukubonakala kwamathuba okuthola isikhala. Sekuyisikhathi eside, imboni yasemkhathini ibiyindaba kahulumeni, ikakhulukazi enezimpawu ezinhle ze-geopolitiki. Yize kunjalo, umhlaba uyashintsha njengoba ukusebenza kwezentengiselwano kuyaqhubeka nokugcwaliseka.

Noma inqubekela phambili iqala ukuvela, abatshalizimali kusadingeka baqonde izisekelo ezithile zomkhakha wasemkhathini. Kulesi sifiso, kuphakama imibuzo ehlukahlukene; iyini imboni yesikhala? Uyini umnotho wesikhala? Ngemuva kokulandela lezi zinto eziyisisekelo, umuntu uzokwazisa kalula amandla enzuzo atholakala emnothweni womkhathi womhlaba.

 

Kuchazwa Imboni Yasemkhathini
Umkhakha wesikhala kufaka amabhizinisi akhiqiza noma athengisa izimoto zokwethula izinto zasemkhathini, okokusebenza phansi, nemikhumbi-mkhathi. Amanye amabhizinisi akha imboni yasemkhathini afaka lezo zakhi zokwakha imikhumbi-mkhathi nezinye izimoto zasemkhathini. Mayelana nemikhakha, imboni yasemkhathini ihlukaniswe ngemboni yokwethula, imishini yokusekela umhlaba, nemikhumbi-mkhathi.

Ngaphansi komkhakha wemikhumbi-mkhathi, kune-software-programse subsector, subsector manufacturing subsector, satellite subsector, kanye space probes kanye ne-rovers subsector ekhona. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imishini yokusekela phansi ifaka phakathi amasango, amatheminali angomahamba nendlwana, ama-VSAT neziteshi zokulawula, phakathi kweminye imikhakha.

Umkhakha wokwethulwa kwezimboni umkhakha omncane kakhulu onemikhakha emibili nje kuphela; kwethulwa abakhiqizi bezimoto nokuqalisa abahlinzeki bezinsizakalo.

Ngenye indlela, umuntu angabheka imboni yesikhala njengomfudlana. Use umfula, amabhizinisi agxile kakhulu ekuhloleni isikhala nasekuqaliseni izinto emkhathini. Kulesi sigaba, izimakethe zifaka imakethe yokwethula kanye nemakethe ye-satellite yezentengiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umfula ugoqela amabhizinisi asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besikhala nocwaningo.

Ngakho-ke, Uyini Umkhathi Wesikhala?
Umnotho wezikhala ubandakanya bonke abadlali ababambe iqhaza embonini yezikhala. Kusho konke ukukhuphuka, phakathi, ukugeleza komfula, kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Ngenxa yokuthi imboni isathuthuka, umnotho wesikhala uhlala ukhula. Namuhla, abadlali abakhulu emnothweni wasemkhathini bahlanganisa abakhiqizi nabaqhubi bezinkundla zasemkhathini kanye nezokuvikela nezinhlangano zokuphepha zikazwelonke. Kubasebenzisi bezentengiselwano, imboni yezasolwandle ingumdlali obalulekile kulo mnotho. Eminye ifaka imboni yamabhizinisi ezolimo, imboni yezinsizakalo zemvelo, kanye nemboni yamandla nezamaminerali.

U-Alex Richter, uchwepheshe ku-niche yezezimali nokuphathwa kwempahla abelane nathi ngemininingwane elandelayo yokuthi imboni yesikhala ikhula kanjani:

“Nomnotho wezikhala ukhula ngokushesha. Kusukela ngo-2019, umnotho wesikhala womhlaba wawufanele $ 414.75 billion, ngokusho kweThe Space Report. Kulokhu, ama-55.3% afaka imikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zesikhala sokuhweba. Ingqalasizinda yezohwebo nezinsizakalo zokusekela zakha ama-24.0% womnotho wasemkhathini womhlaba. Okokugcina, izindleko zikahulumeni ezinhlelweni zesikhala (izabelomali zesikhala saseMelika nezingezona ezeMelika) zakha u-20.7% womnotho wasemkhathini womhlaba. ”

U-Alex Richter uthe ikakhulukazi, imboni yesathelayithi ibhekene nokukhula okumangazayo. “Eminyakeni emihlanu kusuka ngowezi-2014 kuya kowezi-2018, imboni yesathelayithi yomhlaba yaqopha imali engenayo njalo. Ngenkathi imali engenayo ngo-2014 yayikhona $ 246 billion, inani lenyuswe laya ku- $ 277 billion ngo-2018 ”

Futhi u-Alex wengeze ngokuthi ukonakala kwalokhu kukhula kuveza isithombe esithandekayo, ikakhulukazi embonini yokwethula. “Ngo-2018, Izibalo ze-SIA khombisa ukuthi imboni yokwethula ibhalise ukweqa okuphawuleka kakhulu kwezimali ku-34%. Izwe laseMelika kuphela libala ama-37% ($ 2.3 billion) wemali engenayo yango-2018 embonini yokwethulwa. Imali engenayo yokukhiqizwa kwesathelayithi, ngokweqile, yehle ngama-26% we-19.5 billion. Amabhizinisi azinze e-US akhiqize imali engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-11.5. ”

Ukutshala imali ku-The Space Economy
Kusukela kulokhu okungenhla, i-US inezindawo ezinesikhala esikhulu kunazo zonke. Amabhizinisi umuntu angafaka imali esitokweni sakhe asebenza emikhakheni emithathu yomkhakha wezikhala. Emkhakheni wokuqalisa, umuntu angathola iSpaceX, yize inkampani esungulwe ngu-Elon Musk nayo ikhiqiza izinjini zerokhethi. ISpaceX yinkampani emangalisayo evutha umzila kuze kufike lapho kwenziwa ukuthengiswa kokuhlolwa kwesikhala. Ngeshwa, inkampani ayikatholakali ekutshalweni kwezitolo.

Izenzo zakamuva zeSpaceX zikhanyisa izinkampani ezithengiswa esidlangalaleni njengeVirgin Galactic, ezinentshisekelo efanayo neSpaceX. Ngenye indlela, umtshalizimali angafuna i-Aerojet Rocketdyne noma iMaxar Technologies Inc (NYSE: MAXR), bobabili abathengisa eNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE).

Imboni yokukhiqiza i-satellite iqukethe izinkampani ezifana ne-Airbus SE (EPA: AIR) (OTC: EADSY), iBoeing Co (NYSE: BA), Avio SpA (BIT: AVIO), Aerojet Rocketdyne Holdings Inc (NYSE: AJRD), nokuningi. Okokugcina, ezinye izinkampani zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besikhala, futhi zibandakanya iTrimble Inc (NASDAQ: TRMB), iDISH Networks Corp (NASDAQ: DISH), AT & T Inc (NYSE: T), nokuningi.

Ngaphandle kwemidlalo emsulwa, osonkontileka bezokuvikela abanjengoBoeing, iRaytheon Technologies, iNorthrop Grumman Corporation (i-NYSE: i-NOC), nabanye banentshisekelo kwezomnotho wesikhala. Zonke lezi zinkunzi zitholakalela abatshalizimali abathengisa. Ukusebenza kwezinkampani kunciphise imboni yomkhathi. Abanye abanjengoBoeing banezinkampani ezingaphansi komkhakha wokwethula, kuyilapho iNorthrop Grumman isebenza emakethe yezentengiselwano yezentengiso futhi yethula imakethe ngezinkampani ezingaphansi kwayo.

Umnotho wasemkhathini usakhula, futhi izingozi zemvelo zikhulu kakhulu. Njengoba imboni iguquka futhi amathuba emali engenayo anda, izinkampani ezivelele kakhulu zizojoyina leli qembu. Ngasikhathi sinye, imidlalo emincane futhi eyimfihlo kakhulu ingafuna ukuphumela obala. Kuze kube yisikhathi esinjalo, umuntu angatshala imali kokuthandwa yiBoeing.